On The NAEP And Books. Interesting Books.

Thursday, 20 May 2010 13:05 by Eli Savit

The most recent National Association of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading test results were released today, and the results are decidedly mixed.  First, some bad news: nationally, just 33% of fourth graders, and 32% of eighth graders, scored at or above a "proficient" level on the reading test.  The results were even worse for low-income students.  Only 17% of low-income fourth graders and 16% of low-income eighth graders scored at or above a "proficient" level.

The good news?  Fourth grade reading scores in some urban school districts--notably New York City--have risen over the past several years, and that trend continued in 2009.  Troublingly, though, this success has not spilled over into middle school.  Even in New York, eighth grade reading scores have remained depressingly low.

Why has success in urban elementary schools not translated into success at the middle school level?  One theory is that urban schools are doing a relatively good job teaching kids how to read in the early grades--promoting, for example, intensive phonics instruction and basic reading strategies.  But once kids have the basics down, urban schools are not doing a very good job teaching students how to read "deeply."  Instead, urban schools tend to focus on reading strategies--explicitly teaching kids, for example, how to "look for the main idea," how to "ask questions while reading" and so forth.  

There are two potential problems with this strategy: first, if students are focused on reading strategies as opposed to the substance of the text, they may feel bored by what they're reading--and by reading generally.  Second, as a number of commentators over at the Core Knowledge blog have argued, real literacy requires more than just these basic "reading skills."  To make sense of a novel, a newspaper article, or any other complex text, the reader typically requires a modicum of background content knowledge.  (For example, imagine reading "Huck Finn" without knowing that African Americans were, at one point, enslaved in the American South).  But, as we've noted on this blog before, content simply isn't being sufficiently taught in American secondary schools.  

Completely eradicating the "content instruction gap" in American schools may require changes in the secondary school curriculum.  But there is an immediate impact you can make as an individual.  If you're on this site looking for ways in which you can make a real impact, consider donating sets of books that are both engaging and help teach kids about...you know...stuff.  Literacy teachers are always looking for engaging texts for their students, and there are a number of books geared towards young adults that touch on historical or scientific themes.  

And don't worry if you don't have specific titles in mind!  If you want to, say, fund a teacher's purchase of interesting historical fiction, you can just create a gift earmarked for "historical fiction."  The classroom teacher who claims your gift can select the specific titles.

ON DETROIT:
The NAEP results were particularly disheartening for Detroit, one of the four major cities The Generation Project currently serves.  Detroit students' reading scores--like the math scores released in December--were the worst in the 40-year history of the test.  Incredibly, not a single Detroit fourth-grader--in a city of nearly 1 million people--scored at an "advanced" reading level.

These are trying times for Detroit and the Detroit Public Schools.  As state revenues fall, the city shrinks, and schools close, many Detroit students and schools are left in need of even the most basic supplies.  Please consider designing a gift for Detroit through The Generation Project. 

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What Do You See In The Test Data Inkblot?

Thursday, 30 April 2009 13:22 by Eli Savit

Dust off your talking points, everybody!  The new federal National Assessment of Educational Progress test results were released this week, and everybody seems to have a take.   (For those of you who don't have the time to sift through the report, there's a good graphical summary here). 

To summarize: nationwide, math and reading scores are up a lot for 9-year-olds.  They're up less for 13-year-olds, and they remain unchanged (since the 1970s!) for 17-year-olds.  That's a good thing, says former Education Secretary Margaret Spellings, who notes that No Child Left Behind is "not about high school" and says the results "are affirming our accountability-type approach."  Not so, says Bob Wise, president of the Alliance for Excellent Education, who argues that high schools are "educational dead zones." 

What about the achievement gap?  Well, good news!  Math and reading scores for racial minorities are up.  But--wait a minute--the achievement gaps persists, and, as The New York Times reports, No Child Left Behind does not appear to be closing a racial gap.  One goal of No Child Left Behind was to close the achivement gap, so that pesky little fact, at least, stands in contradistinction to Margaret Spellings's argument that "what we have paid attention to is working."

So, what's the takeaway?  Meh.  Either we're doing something right in elementary school, or we're doing something wrong in secondary education.  Either our focus on accountability is raising test scores across the board, or our schools are once again failing ethnic minorities.  And of course, anytime we have an issue with race and education, the New York Times thinks it's prudent to consult people like Freeman A. Hrabowski III, so that they can quote somebody as saying that smart isn't "cool" for black kids (or that it wasn't in the pre-KIPP, pre-No Child Left Behind, pre-Obama mid-1990s, when his book on the subject was published).  In short, educational test data is a Rorschach Test.  You see what you want to see--or at least, what your political ideology tells you to see. 

(As an aside, I will also note that these test results only deal with math and reading, not with social studies, science, art, physical fitness, or many of the other subjects that have been cut back to make room for supplemental reading and math instruction in many schools.  I'll have a lot more to say on that topic in the coming weeks, when I get around to discussing my piece in the Michigan Law Review on the potential illegality of these cutbacks vis-a-vis social studies). 

So, read the latest test results as you will--after all, you're probably going to anyway.  But for those searching for a takeaway from this week's data, here are my two cents:  The latest test scores show that educational accountability might be a good thing, but it's no panacea.  The challenges confronting our education system are quite pronounced across all grade levels, but we're really failing secondary students, and high school students in particular.  We need to do more to raise test scores for minority and lower-income students, and just telling schools to "raise them" apparently doesn't narrow the achievement gap.  And to do that, we need to give kids a wide-ranging and rich educational experience.  To the extent that minority kids don't think academic success is cool, maybe it's because academic learning has not yet engaged them.

At least, that's what I see in the inkblot.  Maybe somebody else can tell me why I'm wrong, or at least diagnose any personality disorders that might be apparent from my Rorschach results.

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